Polonnaruwa, located in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, is another UNESCO World Heritage Site, renowned for its well-preserved ruins of ancient Sri Lankan civilization. Here’s an overview:
1. Ancient Capital: Polonnaruwa served as the capital of Sri Lanka from the 11th to the 13th centuries AD, following the decline of Anuradhapura. It was a thriving city during the reign of King Parakramabahu I and is known for its impressive monuments and infrastructure.
2. Archaeological Park: The Polonnaruwa Archaeological Park is home to a vast array of ancient ruins, including royal palaces, temples, monasteries, and statues. The site is divided into several zones, each containing different clusters of ruins.
3. The Quadrangle: At the heart of the archaeological park lies the Quadrangle, a sacred precinct containing several significant structures, such as the Vatadage (Circular Relic House), the Thuparama Gedige (Image House), and the Rankoth Vehera (Golden Pinnacle Stupa).
4. Gal Vihara: One of the highlights of Polonnaruwa is the Gal Vihara, a group of four colossal statues of the Buddha carved into a single granite rock face. These statues, including a reclining Buddha, are masterpieces of ancient Sinhalese sculpture.
5. Parakrama Samudra: King Parakramabahu I, known for his ambitious construction projects, built the massive Parakrama Samudra, an artificial reservoir that still irrigates the surrounding agricultural land today. The reservoir is a testament to the advanced engineering skills of ancient Sri Lankans.
6. Archaeological Museum: The Polonnaruwa Archaeological Museum houses a collection of artifacts and exhibits related to the history and archaeology of the region. It provides visitors with valuable insights into the ancient civilization that once thrived in Polonnaruwa.
7. Natural Beauty: In addition to its historical and archaeological significance, Polonnaruwa is surrounded by beautiful natural scenery, including lush greenery, wildlife, and scenic landscapes. Visitors can enjoy exploring the area’s natural attractions, such as wildlife sanctuaries and nature reserves. A visit to Polonnaruwa offers a fascinating journey back in time to explore the remnants of an ancient capital city and gain a deeper understanding of Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage.
